"You might also double check with your bank. Just because you let them know doesn't mean they didn't lock it anyway."
Yes, this is very important - I've seen several posts over the years that even though people had called before their trip, they had to call again during the trip to get the card "released" for foreign transactions. The customer service people, often, simply don't know what they're doing, particularly when it comes to foreign travel.
It's also possible your card expired; this happened to my sister. She only figured it out when she got back from her trip; she had to use a credit card at an ATM to get cash. Yes, this has high fees - but it's better than no cash at all.
Yes, the issue of chip and pin vs chip and signature vs swipe and signature, for now, is only for credit cards and only for purchases. Debit and ATM cards work in ATM's with a PIN and without a chip. Credit cards (any kind) work for cash withdrawals at ATM's, if you know the PIN.