adding to the list -
Longstanton has a free Park & Ride carpark by Northstowe. That Guided Busway is frequent and takes you into the centre of Cambridge, and to Addenbrookes, and I'm sure your friends will be familiar.
I like the little market town of St Ives, on the River Great Ouse just a few miles west, near Huntingdon and Godmanchester. Walking over the ancient bridge, now pedestrian only, to Hemingford Grey is gorgeous. Tom's Cakes at the edge of the Market Square makes exquisite cakes and coffees and teas. I stop there often.
I'm in Cambridge several times a month but I have never been in a punt.
If you read Samuel Pepys' Diary, Brampton is just next to Huntingdon, and you can find pubs that he stopped in still open southwest of Cambridge. Tasty too.
The Fens are unique. If they are of interest, you can go near Peterborough to a Bronze Age archeological park, Flag Fen, where the dig has been consolidated and the Bronze Age settlement has been rebuilt. https://flagfen.org.uk/
A completely different view of the Fens is at Wicken Fen, about 4 miles from the previously mentioned Anglesey Abbey. Wicken Fen is the National Trust's oldest nature reserve and you get to really understand. https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/cambridgeshire/wicken-fen-national-nature-reserve
A lot of this depends on your interests, and what time of year you will be visiting. 3 days is barely enough to scratch the surface, you will have to choose.
A visit to Cambridge isn't complete without a Chelsea Bun from Fitzbillies. I prefer the original Trumpington Road location - no tourists and plenty of locals. If you miss breakfast try their Chelsea Bun French Toast. To die for.
The Fitz, the Fitzwilliam, is a lovely museum, bigger than it looks. If you just wander the rooms in an overview you can see many things in an hour or 90 minutes. They often have - pretty much always have - special exhibits on, usually no charge and the Fitz is free, which can be wonderful, and an easy way to spend a whole afternoon. The current exhibit is "Made in Ancient Egypt" until the 12th of April.
Cambridge University Botanic Garden is so good my wife and I are members. Great sausage rolls (both original and veggie) at the cafe with a cup of something warm is a lovely place for a break as you wander the paths of the gardens. See the redwood collection, the pond, the representation of a fen, the glasshouses, the dry garden. And much more. Again, if I knew when you are coming I could point you to seasonal spectaculars. There honestly is something to see different every day of the year.
Never yet made it to Kettle Yard or modern art. I have been to various scientific museums in Cambridge.
Between the Market Square in Cambridge and the Senate House, just down from Kings College is Great St Mary's Church - the church for University formalities. Climb the tower for an unparalleled view, listen on Sundays to the magnificent ring of bells ringing changes.
I've just scratched the surface - come back for specifics.