I haven't been to Denmark since 1972. This is my twelfth day in Norway; I've been no farther north than Oslo, Flam and Bergen, and I haven't been at altitude. Daily high temperatures have ranged from 12C/54F to 30C/86F, and I'm sure it could have been both colder and hotter. I don't know how low the temperature got at night. You need to be prepared for a wide temperature range as well as for rain. The weather forecast for just about every day has shown the possibility of rain. Bergen in particular is a very, very rainy city--possibly the wettest in Europe. Bergen has a lot of cobblestones, so it's important to have footwear with grippy soles that will be suitable on uneven surfaces in the rain.
I'm cold-natured. I have worn lightweight merino wool long johns under my 97% nylon slacks, a fleece jacket and a wind/rain jacket on the chilliest days. I didn't quite need my fleece gloves, but it was getting close. I have been very glad to have lightweight slacks and a thin cotton blouse on two hot days. Summer dresses would have been fine (lots of women wearing those), but I don't travel with skirts or dresses because I'm always wearing dorky, athletic shoes.
On cool days, I think layers will be especially important if you want to sit or stand on deck during a ferry trip. It's usually quite breezy on the water. The Flam-Gudvangen ferry segment of the Norway in a Nutshell route lasts two hours.