A not so new but getting press lately travel option (mentioned in the WSJ) is day tripping, or extreme day tripping. You get up really early, fly somewhere for the day, get home pretty late.
Quite common in Europe because there are several budget airlines and things are relatively close. Also done pretty often on Eurostar. Here's a woman who writes about it.
For those of a certain age, you may recall this used to be more commonly known as mileage runs to juice your freqy flyer account for some reason. I did two of those back on an airline called TWA ...