Jenny, even if you had all the time in the world, you wouldn't be able to get a PIN that would work with 99% of the current US credit cards for purchase transactions. You'd just be sent a cash-advance PIN for use in ATMs. I tried this myself, intending to test out that cash-advance PIN if asked for a PIN during a credit-card purchase. I traveled for 3-1/2 months this summer (in Norway, Finland, England and Italy) and was never asked for a PIN when I used my credit card (hundreds of times). Usually I just tapped; for a few larger transactions I had to sign.
Only a tiny number of US credit cards are designed for use with PINs for purchase transactions. It's annoying, but at least the upward creep in tap limits is helping. We'll just have to be patient for a while longer, until the US eventually catches up with the rest of the world.
There's nothing you could have done differently, and you'll be fine.