Here's a link to a recent Christopher Elliott article about ATM fees:
The basic information in the article will not be news to readers of this forum, but I found the specific examples of Euronet ATM money-grabs illuminating. I thought monkey business with exchange rates usually amounted to about a 7% up-charge, but it seems the hit can be over 12%. And merchants may be paid up to $1000 per month for having an ATM on their premises.
The article mentions Resolut and Wise (both of them multi-currency accounts, I think) as ways to avoid high-cost ATMs. It seems they have their own fees (they'd have to, to cover their costs), so they'd be a bit more costly than using no-fee ATMs with a no-fee debit card. The question is: How much longer are we going to be able to find no-fee ATMs? I suppose I need to investigate Resolut and Wise so I'll have an option lined up when I need it.