Is Paxlovid available in pharmacies and can tourists buy it without a prescription?

I can't speak for Austria or your specific situation. In general, those who have reported back to the forum that they tried to get Paxlovid while in Europe have reported that they did not have success. You may have a different experience, but this is not something that I would count on being able to happen.

If you contract covid, you would need to be tested, and with that positive test see a doctor. Based on your symptoms, severity, risks, and any direction given by the Austrian Government and Health authorities, you may or may not be prescribed Paxlovid. It is available in Europe (approved for use in January 2022).

If you bring an American prescription you might get it in the International Pharmacy in Vienna.

Thank you for your help. I've emailed the Vienna pharmacy to ask if they would fill a U.S. prescription.

I believe you've posted this in other forums, since it seems to be a major concern for you, perhaps you should be shopping for travel insurance that promises to help you with this.

I’m in Vienna on vacation and this morning I tested positive with a home quick test. So I went to “Fastest” to get a 2 hour PCR test for €90 to confirm the result (I think you can also get free PCR tests here that take 24 hours but I didn’t want to wait). Then I did an online video doctor visit with Mobidoctor.eu for €25, in the request I said I was over 60, listed my medical conditions, and asked for a Paxlovid Rx and a letter saying I had Covid (I needed the letter for my travel insurance, just a PCR test wasn’t enough). In the quick video visit the doc looked at my PCR test, then she delivered my Rx and letter online in minutes. I printed the Rx at the hotel, and I went to the International Pharmacy and got my Paxlovid for €18 without waiting. All of this in about 4 hours.
P.S. A few days later someone else in my travel group got Covid and followed the same steps, but the pharmacy at first insisted the Rx had to be from an Austrian doctor (with mobidoctor you don’t know ahead of time where in the EU your doctor will be; mine was Greece, hers was Romania). But eventually she prevailed and got the Paxlovid.

The US Emergency Use Authorization is for treatment of persons positive for COVID with increased risk of serious illness or hospitalization. For a US doctor to prescribe it you'd already have to be sick, and shouldn't be traveling. Prescribing it just in case or as a preventive medication would seem to be unethical. No special exemption for travelers. And not something a doctor over there would likely prescribe if you didn't meet their country's restrictions.

If COVID is a big concern for you, I think you would be best served to research good expat clinics in Vienna and keep the name and number and address handy. Might even consider going to the clinic for your daily COVID test, so if you do test positive the doctor can prescribe appropriately for you on the spot.

... to research good expat clinics in Vienna ...

Expat clinics are institutions typical for third-world countries where good healthcare is available to wealthy (foreign) people, only.

Believe me, universal healthcare works pretty well in Austria. Around 99.5% of Austria's population have full-cover healthcare insurance, a value the US can only dream of.

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Expat clinics are institutions typical for third-world countries where
good health ....

Hungary, apparently is a third world country, The place I go services Austrians, Swiss and Germans visiting (medical tourism), as well as expats that don't qualify for the national system and tourists.

OP, here is a listing of some recommended clinics in Vienna: https://mediglobus.com/clinics-ranking-of-vienna/ And usually on the US Embassy sites there are recommendations.

We visited Vienna in Sept 22. Europe is "done" with covid--little acknowledgement or overt "protection" measures. If you believe you'll catch it there, I suggest you stay home. No one will condemn you in Vienna for masking tho.

saying that "Europe" is done with it is a very broad statement.

In England (still in Europe, just not in EU), where we were told yesterday of a new variant,

Since hospitalisations with it have risen 50 percent in a week and so many of the people are in their 70s and many in London, there has been coverage and suggestions for safety on the tv every day of the last few with appeals for take-up of boosters.

So while masks are less common than a year ago there is a change of consciousness here

@Nigel, Not so in France. The news leads off every evening with the lack of gasoline due to an ongoing strike, followed by conserving energy, and then the war in Ukraine, economy, etc Covid is mentioned once in a while, but a trial balloon was floated last week about reimposing mask rules.

FYI - Vienna doesn't have medical tourism like Hungary (Austrians go to Hungary for elective care). The idea of "expat" clinics in Vienna is nonexistent. I should know - I've been an expat in Vienna for 15 years now. I just go to the same doctors and clinics that everyone else goes to.