I have a 1 hour layover in Amsterdam (destination Vienna), enough time??

Tight, but I would go with it. I figure that the flight from the US will very likely land early, and Schiphol is pretty efficient.

Of course, find the line for immigration for in transit passengers (follow the signs) and know what your options are if the flight is missed. No stopping for coffee or a stroopwaffel.

I will be doing the same in April, have an hour and 15 minute layover at AMS on my way to Lisbon. I do know that another flight leaves a couple hours later, so maybe a back-up, but I know I will get there regardless. I just would rather chance it to get there a couple hours earlier, than later.

Based on your other post, it looks like you are flying from Boston? Have you checked the past timeliness of that particular flight? I personally would not choose a flight with that connection time, especially since you'll have to go through passport control in AMS, but it is within the minimum guideline (50 minutes) according to the airport. Depending on time of year and time of day it could be a maybe at best. In mid-September the line to get through transfer passport check was VERY long. Schiphol has a planner that shows you how busy the airport is on your travel day - check it a couple weeks out. They also have a transfer page you can plug in your flight info but it's only a few days ahead. The airport website also says they have a "short connection pass" but I've never seen this in person so I have no idea where they're located.

If you have checked luggage I would pack essentials and several days of clothes in your carry on, just in case. If you miss your connection, the airline should put you on the next available flight, but not necessarily the very next flight (it could be full). If you can get seats toward the front of the plane that will help a bit, as well as getting your boarding pass for the Vienna flight when you check in for your USA-AMS flight. And it goes without saying, do not make any stops between gates other than passport control and to confirm the gate number of your Vienna flight. Best of luck!

I fly through AMS several times a year. I wouldn't do a 1 hour layover. Some flights end up being bussed to the terminal (add 15 min) the airport is generally working at or above 100% capacity. Immigration can be 15 min or 45 min, and there is no way to guess. The next flight, if on time, will lock the door maybe 15 min before flight time. When the airport runs smooth .... easy. When it doesn't .... you won't make it. But if there is another flight a little later and it has seats you have nothing to lose by trying.

Short connection pass

I’ve been through 4 or 5 times and never not seen the jump the queue person waving short connections past.

I've seen it a lot. The rule is (they yell out loud) if your flight DEPARTS in the next 30 min they let you go to a faster line. Then after 5 min in that line you run fast as you can to your gate before they lock the door.

Is your itinerary two separate tickets?

Every time we go thru Amsterdam (which is frequently), we have between 55 minutes and 70 minutes. Never missed a flight, but once, when we got to the gate, they said our last name, so they were clearly waiting on us. I'd suggest that you have a map of the airport and know your gates. You will have to go thru customs/immigration so don't dilly dally. You may need to be a little assertive, possibly cutting the line a bit, always nice when there is airport staff to help with that.

I'd look and see if there are additional flights to Vienna that day, which is likely. As long as your flights are on one ticket, I wouldn't be worrying much.